What Is the Purpose of a Retaining Wall?

Monarch Masonry Team
May 21
4 min read

Updated: Jun 13

Retaining walls are more than just a structural element; they are a vital component in landscape architecture and civil engineering. These walls are designed to hold back soil and prevent erosion, making them essential for various applications in residential, commercial, and public projects. In this post, we will explore the purpose and benefits of retaining walls, including common types, costs, and environmental impacts.

The Importance of Retaining Walls

Retaining walls offer several key benefits. They are primarily used to manage soil and water, allowing for better landscaping and land use. In areas with steep slopes, they provide stability, preventing landslides and soil erosion. These walls also create additional usable land, enabling homeowners and developers to utilize spaces that may have otherwise been deemed unusable.

High angle view of landscaped retaining wall — Landscaped retaining wall stabilizing a slope

One of the critical purposes of retaining walls is to protect properties. By holding back soil, they prevent damage to foundations, roads, and utilities situated in hilly or uneven terrain. They also enhance drainage by directing water flow away from structures.

Types of Retaining Walls

There are several types of retaining walls, each tailored for specific needs, materials, and styles. Here are a few common types:

Gravity Walls: These walls depend on their own weight to hold back soil. They can be made from stone, concrete, or brick. Gravity walls are simple and effective for short slopes.
Cantilever Walls: These walls are made from reinforced concrete and use a lever mechanism to resist the pressure of the soil. They are more efficient for taller surfaces, as they usually require less material than gravity walls.
Sheet Pile Walls: Commonly used for high water tables, these walls are made from steel, wood, or vinyl and are driven deep into the ground.
Joining Walls: These are similar to gravity walls but incorporate a heel to provide extra support. These walls distribute earth pressure effectively and can be constructed from various materials.
Segmental Retaining Walls (SRWs): These modular blocks interlock, allowing for flexibility in design and easy installation. They are popular for residential landscaping due to their aesthetic appeal.

Eye-level view of a cantilever retaining wall — Cantilever retaining wall effectively managing slope stability

When deciding on the type of retaining wall, it is crucial to consider the specific requirements such as height, location, load, and drainage needs. Each option varies in cost and complexity, which can influence your decision.

What is the cheapest retaining wall to build?

The cheapest retaining wall option is usually a gravity wall made from concrete blocks or treated timber. These materials can be sourced at relatively low costs, and the construction process is often straightforward, making labor expenses more manageable.

For those looking for an economical and DIY-friendly solution, wooden railroad ties are also a popular choice for smaller projects. However, it is essential to consider longevity in your decision. Wooden options may require more maintenance over time due to rot and insect damage.

Overall, while the initial cost is an important factor, it’s equally crucial to consider the long-term effectiveness of the structure. Investing in a durable material can save money in the long run.

Close-up view of a segmental retaining wall — Segmental retaining wall showcasing modern design and materials

Additional Benefits of Retaining Walls

Retaining walls not only provide structural support but also contribute to a landscape's aesthetic appeal. They can be tailored to fit any design style, from rustic to modern, enhancing the overall look of a property. Moreover, these walls can be used creatively to create terraces, gardens, or seating areas, adding function and beauty to any space.

Another essential benefit of retaining walls is increased property value. A well-designed and maintained wall can attract potential buyers and increase resale value, especially in areas where land stability is a concern.

By effectively managing water flow, they help minimize the risk of flooding and water damage. This is particularly important in regions with heavy rainfall or rapid snowmelt, where uncontrolled water can lead to significant erosion and property loss.

Environmental Impacts of Retaining Walls

Constructing retaining walls can have various environmental impacts, both positive and negative. On the positive side, these walls can be designed to create microhabitats for wildlife and can include features that promote biodiversity. Moreover, they can improve drainage patterns, reducing the chance of erosion and protecting local waterways.

On the flip side, improper construction or materials can negatively affect the environment. For example, using non-permeable materials can lead to excess water runoff, potentially harming local ecosystems. To mitigate environmental impacts, it is essential to work with professionals who understand the local landscape and regulations.

When planning a retaining wall, review the environmental guidelines in your area. Engaging with local experts can ensure that the project follows best practices for sustainability.

Choosing the Right Contractor

Selecting a reliable contractor for your retaining wall project is critical. Look for professionals with experience and positive reviews. Ask for references and photos of past projects to understand their style and quality of work.

It’s also essential to verify that the contractor is licensed and insured. This protects you from liability should any accidents occur during construction. A reputable contractor will provide clear communication and help you navigate design decisions that align with your vision and budget.

Remember to obtain multiple quotes before making a decision. This not only provides a sense of the market rate but also gives you insight into each contractor’s approach and level of service.

Final Thoughts on Retaining Walls

In summary, retaining walls are an integral aspect of effective landscape and structural design. They offer essential benefits, including soil stabilization, improved drainage, and aesthetic enhancement. Understanding the various types, costs, and environmental impacts can empower you to make informed decisions for your property.

Investing in retaining walls, whether for practical reasons or as part of a beautification project, ensures that your property remains stable and visually appealing for years to come. With careful planning and the right expertise, you can achieve a functional and attractive landscape.